電機與電動機到底有什么區別

什么是電機

電機（英文：Electric machinery，俗稱“馬(ma)達”）是指依據電(dian)磁感應定律實現(xian)電(dian)能轉換或(huo)傳遞的(de)一種電(dian)磁裝(zhuang)置。

電機在(zai)電路中(zhong)是用字(zi)母M（舊(jiu)標(biao)準用(yong)D）表示(shi)，它的(de)主要作用(yong)是產生驅動轉矩，作為(wei)用(yong)電(dian)器或各種機械的(de)動力源，發電(dian)機在電(dian)路中用(yong)字(zi)母(mu)G表示(shi)，它的(de)主要作用(yong)是利用(yong)電(dian)能轉化為(wei)機械能。

一、電機劃分與分類(lei)

1.按工作(zuo)電(dian)源種類(lei)劃分：可分為(wei)直流電(dian)機(ji)和交流電(dian)機(ji)。

2.按結構和工作原理可(ke)劃分(fen)：可(ke)分(fen)為直流(liu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、異步電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、同步電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)。

3.按起動(dong)與運行方式可劃分(fen)：電(dian)容(rong)起動(dong)式單相(xiang)異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、電(dian)容(rong)運轉式單相(xiang)異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、電(dian)容(rong)起動(dong)運轉式單相(xiang)異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)和分(fen)相(xiang)式單相(xiang)異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)。

4.按用途(tu)可(ke)劃分：驅動(dong)用電動(dong)機和控制用電動(dong)機。

5.按轉子的結(jie)構可劃(hua)分：籠型感應電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)（舊標準(zhun)稱為鼠籠型異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)）和繞線轉子感應電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)（舊標準(zhun)稱為繞線型異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)）。

6.按運轉速(su)度可劃分：高(gao)速(su)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、低速(su)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、恒速(su)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、調速(su)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。低速(su)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又分為齒輪減(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)減(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、力矩電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和爪(zhua)極同步電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等。

二、什么是電動機

電動機(ji)（Motor）是(shi)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換成機(ji)械(xie)能的一(yi)種(zhong)設備。它是(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)圈（也就(jiu)是(shi)定子繞組）產生(sheng)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磁(ci)場(chang)并作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子（如鼠籠式閉合鋁(lv)框(kuang)）形成磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)扭矩。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)按使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不同(tong)分為(wei)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)和交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)大(da)部(bu)分是(shi)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，可(ke)以是(shi)同(tong)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)或者是(shi)異步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)定子磁(ci)場(chang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速與轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速不保持同(tong)步速）。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)主要由定子與轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子組成，通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導線(xian)(xian)在(zai)磁(ci)場(chang)中受力(li)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的方向跟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方向和磁(ci)感線(xian)(xian)（磁(ci)場(chang)方向）方向有關。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)原理是(shi)磁(ci)場(chang)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)受力(li)的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

三、電動機基本結(jie)構

1.三相(xiang)異步電動機(ji)的結(jie)構，由定子(zi)、轉(zhuan)子(zi)和其它附件組成。

2.直流電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機采(cai)用(yong)八角形全疊(die)片結構(gou)，串(chuan)勵繞組，適(shi)用(yong)于需要(yao)(yao)(yao)正、反轉的自動(dong)(dong)控制技術中(zhong)(zhong)。根(gen)據用(yong)戶需要(yao)(yao)(yao)也可(ke)以制成(cheng)帶(dai)串(chuan)勵繞組。中(zhong)(zhong)心高(gao)100～280mm的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機無補(bu)償繞組，但中(zhong)(zhong)心高(gao)250mm、280mm的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機根(gen)據具體情況和需要(yao)(yao)(yao)可(ke)以制成(cheng)帶(dai)補(bu)償繞組，中(zhong)(zhong)心高(gao)315～450mm的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機帶(dai)有(you)補(bu)償繞組。中(zhong)(zhong)心高(gao)500～710mm的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機外形安裝尺(chi)寸(cun)及(ji)技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求均符合IEC國際標準，電(dian)(dian)機的機械尺(chi)寸(cun)公差符合ISO國際標準。

電(dian)機與電(dian)動機有沒有區別？

電(dian)(dian)(dian)機包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機和發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機。是(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機和電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的(de)(de)總稱，兩者概念(nian)上是(shi)由區(qu)別的(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機只是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機運(yun)(yun)行(xing)方(fang)式的(de)(de)一(yi)種，只是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機運(yun)(yun)行(xing)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)模式下，就(jiu)是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)成了其它形(xing)式的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)機另(ling)外一(yi)種運(yun)(yun)行(xing)方(fang)式就(jiu)是(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機，這時候(hou)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)在發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)模式下，將其它形(xing)式的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。但是(shi)，某(mou)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)機如同步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機一(yi)般較多(duo)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機，但也可直接作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機使用(yong)(yong)。異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機，但是(shi)，經過增加簡單的(de)(de)外圍元件，也可作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機使用(yong)(yong)。